The Yorkshire Coiners

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Look around the edge of a modern English pound coin and you’ll see the words ‘DECUS ET TUTAMEN’ engraved into the rippled milling. You may have wondered what it means and why it is there. The term means ‘An Ornament and Safeguard’ and its origins date back to the reign of Charles II. The words were originally stamped around the edge of the coin to make it clear immediately that if they couldn’t be seen, the coin had been tampered with.

Ever since coins had been used as a means of exchange, people had been tempted to increase their wealth by tampering with the coin of the realm. Despite the fact that the penalty for counterfeiting and coining was death, the temptation was too great for many and the offence was common during the 17th and 18th centuries.

The later removal of the words by the Mint, to rely solely on milling the edge of the coin, was to make the act of coining much simpler, since the milled edge of the coin could easily be reinstated with a file or other suitable tool, having of course removed some of the gold first!

And in the 18th century, other factors made the practice of coining easier and the risk of detection lower.

Foreign coinage, principally Spanish and Portuguese money was in wide circulation alongside the English Guinea. The Guinea itself was, in many cases, well worn and overdue withdrawal from circulation. Combined with the fact that the common man rarely handled much money, making recognition of a slightly modified coin less likely.

And so the art of coining developed, and an organized gang of coiners living in an area to the west of Halifax were so effective that they eventually drew the attention of the local Excise Officer, who’s actions in bringing the gang and its leadership to book lead to him suffering the ultimate crime - Murder!